Essay On Ptsd - 811 Words

If you have ever participated in war you may suffer from PTSD. If you have ever been a victim of sexual assault you may suffer from PTSD. If you have lost a loved one due to intentional violence you may suffer from PTSD as well. Trauma can be experienced in many different ways and categorized depending on the situation. The medical field is constantly changing, pertaining to new medicines and treatment for this disorder. In the early years of time, sergeants told their soldiers to toughen up and keep pushing through war as if shell shock wasn’t a serious matter. Then PTSD was acknowledged in time, deeming the soldiers to return home suffering from the trauma. For a very long time scientists have believed that brain damage caused from†¦show more content†¦In each of these medications there comes a greater side effect possibility. Recent studies show that Medical Marijuana could be a positive drug to treat PTSD in sexual assault victims. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) was been proven to be present in sexual assault victims after their trauma. Medical Marijuana has been proven to effectively treat HPA as well as digestive issues and insomnia all caused by PTSD. Can you imagine losing a loved one unexpectedly? What about to intentional violence? A person can suffer from PTSD due to losing a loved one to homicide, suicide, a car accident, or even a mass bombing. A person could have witnessed the event or simply been informed with detail. In a recent study, loss of a parent or a child doubles the chances of suffering PTSD. Because these deaths are caused intentionally, a survivor may not be able to come to an understanding with the death. A person could somehow blame their self for not being able to save their loved one from the tragic event. Some people can accept the reality and succeed in life adequately, as where others may be reminded more frequently of the horrific event. Symptoms of PTSD can be seen within a few weeks after the trauma occurred or even up to years later. Frequent flash backs, dreams, rapid heartbeat, or even seeing people who remind you of an event is called re-experience. Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep is called hyper arousal. When a person avoids people who trigger theirShow MoreRelatedEssay On Ptsd1624 Words   |  7 Pages(2011). Spiritual Wellbeing Mediates PTSD Change in Veterans with Military-Related PTSD. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 19(4), 496-502. doi:10.1007/s12529-011-9186-1 In the article (Bormann, Liu, Thorp, Lang, 2011) the authors look at if spiritual well-being changes the effects of military veterans with self-reported PTSD. The authors make note that since the war on terror began an estimated â€Å"300,000 veterans have suffered from some symptoms of PTSD. The veterans in this study wereRead MoreEssay On Ptsd1439 Words   |  6 PagesPeople with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) develop their disorder by experiencing traumatic events that can cause an emotional, physical and mental change. â€Å"One day [soldiers are] in a brutal fight in Afghanistan, where they saw carnage, death, and three days later they found themselves toting an ice chest at their kid’s soccer game† (Garcia). As described by Hector Garcia this process can only be described as a â€Å"mindfuck.† The current treatment processes like having a therapy dog and joiningRead MorePtsd Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pagescancer, anxiety disorders, PTSD, chronic pain and multiple sclerosis. Despite it having restrictions, many states have approved the use of cannabis for the treatment of medical and psychological illnesses. In some states, PTDS is among the recommended conditions for medical marijuana (Steenkemp, Blessing, Galatazer-Levy, Hollahan Anderson, 2017). The extended therapeutic effects and support of the biological plausibility of the contents of the drug underscore the need for PTSD military people to useRead MoreEssay On Ptsd997 Words   |  4 PagesDisorders was the first publication that officially defined PTSD as the severe trauma exposure manifestation. The fifth edition of DSM, however, defined trauma as extreme threatening and distressing events involving actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence. Undeniably, the concept and origin of PTSD were more distinctly shown during the First World War, but actually there are evidences present that the concept and origin of PTSD has occurred prior to the Firs t World War. MesopotamiaRead MorePtsd Essay1009 Words   |  5 Pages PTSD is more likely to occur in military personnel and underserved populations, such as those with low socioeconomic status, minorities, LGBTQ (Charuvastra Cloitre, 2008). These populations are more likely to experience stress, and with the exception of the military, are not provided with adequate support systems to help combat the stress (Charuvastra Cloitre, 2008). LGBTQ and ethnically diverse individuals with PTSD face persecution and hate crimes, and their local government may not supportRead MorePtsd Essay983 Words   |  4 Pages PTSD is a growing issue in New Zealand and our current methods for treating this are in sufficient. 6.1% of people living in New Zealand have some kind of anxiety disorder in the year 2010 and in 2006, 3.5% of the New Zealand population at that time, had been diagnosed with PTSD. The New Zealand Government should subsidize 70% of surf lesson costs for people with PTSD and build 6 Float Centers in New Zealand’s key cities. In conjunction with this, the Ministry of Social Development should raiseRead MoreEssay On Ptsd956 Words   |  4 Pagesdo show that providing cognitive-behavioral therapy to patients with PTSD have been effective (Gros et al, 2011). Germain et al (2009) conducted a study with 48 treatment-seeking participants with PTSD and assigned each participant to participate in either in-person delivered CBT or CBT delivered through telehealth. The results showed that both groups had significant pre- to post-treatment effects on self-report measures of PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms. No differences were found between theRead MorePtsd Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesThe medical community has several methods for treating veterans suffering from PTSD. The two most common methods are Psychotherapy and prescribing the veteran with medication to combat the symptoms. Psychotherapy provides the veteran with a way to manage their illness and is in some cases combined with prescription drugs. The three most common methods of psychotherapy include Cognitive therapy, Exposure therapy, and Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EDMR)(Mayo). Cognitive therapy involvesRead MoreEssay On Ptsd1510 Words   |  7 Pages Renpei Chen | 10141208 Queen’s University Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that can happen to anyone. About 7 or 8 of every 100 people will experience PTSD at some point in their lives and examples of people who are at an elevated risk are war veterans and assault victims (U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, 2016). This paper will discuss the current treatment methods available for PTSD victims and will explore cannabis has as a potential treatment. Post-traumatic stressRead MorePtsd Essay727 Words   |  3 PagesFrom the lips of one Susan Pease Banitt, â€Å"PTSD is a whole-body tragedy, an integral human event of enormous proportions with massive repercussions.† Posttraumatic stress disorder is a serious mental disorder that is no respecter of persons. PTSD affects, not only the person involved, but also the people who are closely connected to said person. The symptoms related to posttraumatic stress disorder can vary depending on the severity of the traumatic event and how the sufferer was involved. There are

3 stages of the Holocaust - 1204 Words

The Holocaust systematically murdered 11 million people across Europe, more than half of those people were Jewish. The Jews were blamed for the German’s failures, such as World War I. As a result, Hitler established anti-Semitism throughout his army and the majority of Europe. The Holocaust consisted of three phases to annihilate the Jews. The phases did not create racial purity and they did not successfully annihilate all of the Jews as the Nazi party planned. The first phase began when the Nuremburg Laws were passed in 1935. These laws stripped Jews of their German citizenship, property, and jobs. Jews were required to wear a bright yellow Star of David attached to their clothing to make it easy for Nazis to identify them. The†¦show more content†¦Some of the Jews were able to hide out in the ghettos. Others were able to escape from the concentration camps. In some cases organized resistance was formed in the ghettos amongst the Jews. For example, in the Polish capi tol of Warsaw, individual Jews continued to hide themselves in the ghetto ruins for many months after they were forcefully told to leave by the Nazis. These resistance fighters often attacked German police officials on patrol. Approximately 20,000 Warsaw Jews continued to live in hiding in Warsaw long after the liquidation of the ghetto. The third phase of the holocaust was known as the final stage. In 1942 at a meeting held in Wannsee Poland, Hitler’s top officials agreed to begin a new phase of the mass murder of Jews. In addition to mass slaughter and starvation they would add a third method of killing. This third method was committing murder by poisonous gas. As deadly as overwork, starvation, beatings, and bullets were, they did not kill fast enough to satisfy the Nazis. The Germans built six death camps in Poland. The first, Chelmno began operating in 1941, before the meeting at Wannsee. Each camp had several large gas chambers in which as many as 12,000 people could b e killed a day. Auschwitz was the largest of the death camps. The Jews were told to undress because they would be taking a shower. TheyShow MoreRelated The Stages of the Haulocost1247 Words   |  5 Pages(Miss Belevski, 2008, The Holocaust, slide #2). This atrocity and genocide of Jewish population was widely known as The Holocaust. The man who led genocide was Adolph Hitler, the leader of the Nazis, a fascist party that took control during the German Depression in the 1920s. When Hitler came in power, one of his promises was to end the â€Å"Question of the Jews†. A series of steps of the Holocaust was the â€Å"Stages of Isolation† (Miss Belevski, 2008, Stages of Isolation: Holocaust, p.1). This plan whichRead MoreThe Holocaust : The Destruction Of The Jews1717 Words   |  7 PagesThe Holocaust is by far the worst genocide ever committed, with between 5 and 6 million Jews murdered; along with countless other minorities the Germans deemed inferior (The Holocaust C hronicle Appendices). The Holocaust began with the boycott of Jewish businesses, and ended in camps such as Auschwitz. The destruction of the Jews was made possibly with the rise of Adolf Hitler to power, as he and his fellow Nazi followers attempted to exterminate the Jewish populace of Europe. In the paragraphs toRead MoreElements of Genocide: Collective Behaviour and Acting Crowd Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pagesmillions. After the war, in 1943 Raphael Lemkin, a Jewish-Polish lawyer, created the term genocide to describe the mass extermination of various groups. He combined Latin word â€Å"genos† (race or tribe) with another Latin term â€Å"cide† (to kill). After the holocaust, Dr. Lemkin fought for the recognition of genocide under international law. Thanks to his efforts, the UN Convention of Genocide was created. (Analysis: Defining Genocide 2) Today, genocide is seen as one of the most heinous crimes against humanityRead MoreHolocaust Essays1076 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion 1- When did the Holocaust begin? I. January 1933- Hitler sworn in as the chancellor of Germany A. Whereas before it was only a plan (one which people though Hitler would forgo when actually in office) was now set into motion. B. April of the same year would see the beginning of Hitler’s implementation of such anti- Semitic legislation, starting with the prohibition of Jews from the Civil Service. II. November 1935- Nuremberg Laws enacted A. Jews areRead MoreMaus1211 Words   |  5 PagesSpiegelman draws the characters of his book as mice, cats, pig etc.? 3. Maus 4. What was Vladek like? 5. Vladek is an older person with a very prà ©cised in what he want and he son see this as being annoying. He feels you need to be aware of everything. He does not trust people specially his second wife Mala. He has hearth problems and he is diabetic. Sometime he used his sickness to his advantage. 6. During the Holocaust, he exhibited a spectacular resourcefulness, work ethic, and presenceRead MoreEssay on 3-D Diorama Of the Novel Night by Eli Wiesel 1018 Words   |  5 PagesThis 3-D diorama illustrates a significant scene in the novel Night. This story originated during the First World War in Sighet, Hungary. The Nazis were in power and they wanted to exterminate the Jewish population; this was referred to as the Holocaust. The religious town of Sighet has not been raided yet, so they’re expecting for the best. The main characters are Elizer and his father. Sadly, the Nazis reach Sighet and gather the Jews. They could only bring what they could carry, so homes and otherRead MoreThe Holocaust And The Plague By Albert Camus1499 Words   |  6 PagesWhen combining the total number of deaths in the Holocaust and the plague the total is 90 million people, with 75 million people dying of the plague, and 15 million people died in the Holocaust. The Holocaust was the m ass murder of certain groups of people that Hitler, the leader of the toleration state, disliked and wanted to get rid of. The plague happened in a very different fashion, it was the disease that spread quickly and was very contagious. In the book, The Plague by Albert Camus, itRead MoreRoad Rage1653 Words   |  7 Pages19 March 2012 Life during the Holocaust: Life in the ghettos, Dr. Mengele’s medical care, and food in the camps Genocide during WWII was unbelievably cruel and awful. The Holocaust was sure to be remembered from this time period and have permanently engraved horrible memories into those who survived. During the Holocaust many victims suffered while living in the ghettos, soon to reach the camps they also suffered there as well. The encounters with Dr. Mengele were unbearable too. Elie Wiesel’sRead MoreThe Moral Dilemma Of Adolf Hitler718 Words   |  3 PagesThe moral dilemma that I was presented was killing 3-year old Adolf Hitler to prevent the Holocaust. I can try to change Hitler’s mind, but he will still make the same decision, no matter what. If I decide to kill him or not, I would not be charged for the murder, which is the plus side of this moral dilemma. After a long week of thinking about this question, I thought to myself that I could not have the courage to kill an infant. I have a guilty conscience and if I were to do something like thatRead MoreWhy I Didn t Jews Le ave Germany Sooner?949 Words   |  4 Pagesresist their deportation to the death camps more forcefully?† – Questions of this nature have been asked continuously throughout the last five decades. Hindsight can give the impression that the encounter between Jews and the Third Reich during the Holocaust had to unfold as it eventually did, prompting the question of why Jews failed to see the proverbial writing on the wall. However, if historians have found it troubling to determine precisely how the Nazi Regime planned to deal with German Jews at

Autopsy at a Crime Scene Free Essays

1. Which technique is the best choice when blood is found at a crime scene? In the genetics laboratory (under â€Å"resources† at the bottom of the window), who is one individual that contributed to modern genetic analysis? What did this person contribute? * The best choice of a technique when blood is found at a crime scene is taking samples. In the genetics laboratory the person who contributes to modern genetic analysis is the crime scene technician. We will write a custom essay sample on Autopsy at a Crime Scene or any similar topic only for you Order Now This person makes the crime scene freeze. 2. How are computers used in fingerprint analysis? * Computers are used in fingerprint analysis because they scan the fingerprints found and they see if they can find the exact match on the computer. 3. Who is a pioneer in fingerprint analysis? Describe a famous case that this person was involved in. * A pioneer in fingerprint analysis is Edward Foster. A famous case he was once involved in was â€Å"Caution! Fresh Paint. † It was about fingerprints that were left in wet paint next to the murder victim. . What is the role of the forensic chemist in crime scene investigation? * The role of the forensic chemist in a crime scene investigation is that they analyze chemicals, organic and inorganic samples. They identify components using many tests. 5. Who helped pioneer forensic chemistry? Describe one of her famous cases. * France Mc. Gill helped pioneer forensic chemistry. One of her famous cases was about she found a strong poison in two elders muffins and it killed them. Turns out it was the granddaughter, her intent was to give them to her dad. 6. In the ballistics laboratory, what is the water tank used for? Describe the analysis. * In the ballistics laboratory the water tank is used to determine if a bullet found at the crime scene actually came from the suspect’s weapon. They have to use another bullet from the same gun. They shoot it into a water tank and it slows it down and stops it so that they can collect it intact. 7. Who helped pioneer ballistics analysis? What did he contribute? Wilfred Derome helped pioneer ballistics analysis. He contributed the first forensic lab in North America. 8. Why is measuring and diagramming the scene important? * It is important to measure and diagram the crime scene because they sketch these and later they are put onto the computer for an accurate plan. 9. What materials or tools would a crime scene technician use? * The materials that a crime scene technician would use would be a camera, polilight, measurements and diagramming, relevant prints, and sample taking. 0. From the activity and the information it had, what aspect of an investigation do you think you’d most like to work in? For example, would you prefer one of the laboratories? What appeals to you about this particular aspect of the investigation? * From this activity and the information it had I think the type of aspect of an investigation I would like to work in would be the genetics laboratory. The thing that appeals to me is how they collect DNA and how they can match it to a certain person. How to cite Autopsy at a Crime Scene, Papers

Critique of Pure erason Essay Example For Students

Critique of Pure erason Essay Intuition being itself an abstract concept, evaluating its role in the different areas of knowledge is a very challenging task. The very act of such evaluation implies the use of the faculty of reason, whfich as we shall see implied in the definition of intuition, is the anti-thesis of intuition. Intuition has been defined in philosophy as a way of knowing or cognition independent of experience or reason. It implies knowing something instinctively without actual evidence of it. Terms, such as perception, insight, sixth sense, awareness, clairvoyance, hunch, etc. To be found in any thesaurus, attempt to indicate the various meanings of intuition. Among the ways of knowing, emotion and perception in relation to the knower appear to be relevant in respect of intuition. The concept of intuition appears to have originated from two sources; namely, the mathematical idea of an axiom, which is an area of knowledge in its own right, and the mystical idea of revelation. An axiom can be defined as a self-evident proposition that requires no proof, and revelation can be considered to be a truth that surpasses the power of the intellect. The dilemma here is that this very intellect is attempting to evaluate the role of intuition in the areas of knowledge. In Greek philosophy, Pythagoras and his followers, who were trained in mathematics, attached considerable significance to intuition. Plato, who developed the philosophic concept of transcendence, also affirmed the existence of absolute goodness as something beyond description and as knowable ultimately through intuition. In this sense, intuition, and not reason, was regarded as the highest human faculty. Philosophers like Baruch, Spinoza, Immanuel Kant and Henry Bergson extolled the idea of intuition. Ethical philosophers like Spinoza believed that a sense of moral values is intuitive and immediate, which is a stand point in direct contrast with that of the empiricists and the rationalists. The empiricists believe that moral values result from human experience, while the rationalists believe that moral values are determined by reason. Spinoza regarded intuition as the highest form of knowledge, transcending empirical knowledge derived from the senses and scientific knowledge derived from reasoning and experience. Bergsons view is that intuition is the purest form of knowledge in stark contrast with intelligence. Immanuel Kant, in his famous work, Critique of Pure Reason, asserted, Thoughts without content are empty, intuitions without concepts are blind.. The understanding can intuit nothing, the senses can think nothing. Only through their union can knowledge arise. Friedrich Heinrich was a German philosopher who argued that intuition, perception and faith are superior to reason as a means of attaining truth. When the issues as mentioned above are put into light, it really can be made evident that the source of knowledge behind every discovery or invention has to be an intuitive thought or feeling. From the model of an atom to gravity, whether one agrees or not, it has its source in intuitive revelations. An overt dependence on intuition as that expressed by some philosophers may not be in line with the concept of scientific investigation in the area of knowledge pertaining to the natural sciences as a truly rational activity. Nevertheless, it is an approach adopted by many research scientists. A knowledge claim imagined to be based on emotion; intuition and vested interests may sometimes influence the course of science as much as logic and experimentation. Prior to the advent of radioactive dating techniques, there was a fierce debate amongst the geologists, biologists and the physicists regarding the age of the earth. Two earlier estimates regarding the age of the earth as just several million years were toppled when the descriptive sciences of biology and geology were compelled to defer to the more exact science of physics, when radioactive dating revealed the earths age to be a few billion years1.

Bruce Campbell Essay Research Paper Bruce Campbell free essay sample

Bruce Campbell Essay, Research Paper Bruce Campbell is an complete histrion. His calling started at the age of 14. Over the old ages he has appeared in a assortment of moving functions, which have made him really good known. Bruce Campbell is forty-one old ages old and was born on June 22nd, 1958. ( hypertext transfer protocol: www.imdb.com ) He is the youngest of three brothers, was born in Royal Oak, Michigan and has two kids. He considers himself to hold had a normal childhood in that he watched # 8220 ; Lost in Space # 8221 ; on telecasting, dug tunnels in his back pace and ran about dressed up as Zorro. ( http: www.bruce-campbell.com ) Bruce started taking involvement in moving at the age of eight when he saw how much merriment his pa had while executing in local community theatre. His first functionary moving occupation occurred at age 14 when an histrion who was to play the immature prince in the # 8220 ; King and I # 8221 ; became sick and he stepped into the function. We will write a custom essay sample on Bruce Campbell Essay Research Paper Bruce Campbell or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He went on to look in several community theatre productions and so started to experiment with filmmaking, making cheezeball super-8 flicks with a vicinity buddy. In 1975 he so met manager Sam Raimi in his high school play category who he became friends with. They made about 50 or so super-8 films. In 1976 he volunteered as an learner in northern Michigan at Traverse City # 8217 ; s Cherry County Playhouse # 8211 ; a summer stock company where he worked 18 hours a twenty-four hours seting up sets, being adjunct phase director, making errands and so on. He got to work with telecasting histrions and considers it his first gustatory sensation of Hollywood. He so briefly attended Western Michigan University where he took theatre classs but dropped out because he felt it got excessively artsy. For about a twelvemonth after this he worked as a production helper for a production company that made commercials in Detroit. This consisted of brushing out studios, cleaning up camera equipment, and assorted undertakings. It was a good opportunity for Bruce to larn the proficient side of the concern instead so merely the artsy histrion material. ( Http: www.bruce-campbell.com ) Bruce Campbell truly took on moving earnestly in 1979 when Bruce, Sam, and new associate Rob Tapert put together a short super-8 horror movie, # 8220 ; Within The Woods # 8221 ; , this led up to the devising of # 8220 ; E vil Dead† after raising approximately 350,000 dollars from the short movie. Bruce starred in the â€Å"Evil Dead† , non to advert was co-executive manufacturer for it every bit good. Four old ages subsequently, the completed movie foremost got noticed in England where it became the best merchandising picture of 1983, crushing out â€Å"The Shining.† Author Stephen King so dubbed the â€Å"Evil Dead† , â€Å"the most fiercely original horror movie of the year.† New Line Cinema stepped frontward to let go of it in the United States. After so making another movie called â€Å"Crime Wave† , â€Å"Evil Dead II: Dead By Dawn† was blessed with a budget 10 times the original and was released in 1987 which once more starred Bruce Campbell. After this, Bruce Campbell so moved to Los Angeles where he got into a series of independent movies and met his future married woman, costume interior decorator Ida Gearon. In 1992 he so rejoined with Sam and Rob and co-produced the 3rd installment of the â€Å"Evil Dead† trilogy, â€Å"Army of Darkness† which he besides starred in. Bruce so took on many different undertakings which included telecasting functions on â€Å"The Adventures of Brisco County Jr.† , guest starring on â€Å"Lois and Clark: The New Adventures of Superman† , and plays Actoycus: The King of Thieves on â€Å"Hercules: The Legendary Journeys† and â€Å"Xena: Warrior Princess† , non to advert many more. ( http: www.bruce-campbell.com ) Bruce # 8217 ; s achievements are his list of film credits, his assorted accomplishments: playing, directing, bring forthing, composing, redacting, sound and so on. He besides did some voices on some cutting border cd-rom escapade games for 7th Level, Konami, and Activision. As of now he has decided to compose a book tentatively entitled Confessions of a `B` Movie Actor. ( hypertext transfer protocol: www.etonline.com ) Bruce is most good known for his functions in authoritative `B` movies, doing him a cult histrion with a batch of congratulations from loyal fans. Since Bruce started moving at such a immature age and has accomplished so much it has left him with the accomplishments needed to go on his calling and have much success in the hereafter. Mentions: Entertainment Tonight Online Home Page. ( hypertext transfer protocol: www.etonline.com ) The Internet Movie Database Home Page. ( hypertext transfer protocol: www.imdb.com ) The Official Bruce Campbell Home Page. ( http: www.bruce-campbell.com )

Prop 38 essays

Prop 38 essays School vouchers are the educational topic of the millennium. In California, if Prop. 38 were passed it would grant K-12 students a $4,000-a-year voucher to receive private schooling. This proposition has some ups and some downs in my viewpoint and in this paper I will tell you about school vouchers, I will also tell you about the opponents and the supporters of the bill, the candidates for President stance on the issue and finally my thoughts about school vouchers. ... Proposition 38, the initiative that would grant a $4,000-a-year voucher to K-12 students to attend a private school...(Saunders A-24). The vouchers have been tested in a few cities including Dayton, Ohio, Washington D.C. and New York. Some bad news for supporters of Prop. 38 were that ... students offered the vouchers 47 percent in Washington, 46 percent in Dayton and 24 percent in New York- did not use them(Zernike 2). Its poor kids who lack options... and public schools know a captive society when they see it. They can under educate the kids with little negative effect(Saunders A-24). Most Supporters of Prop. 38 want to do things for the better of Americas Children. They say that this bill will better education for all students not just the ones who get into private school. This they say is true because the vouchers will bring up competition among schools and force them to better their acts. ... for most Americans public education is the only option(So You Wanna Know... 1). They say that this will finally give all children a chance to go private school or at least get into the private school atmosphere. A fact brought up by an opponent of the proposition was ... there was no significant test score difference between students who attended private school and the students who attended public school(Zernike 1). The foes also state, School vouchers are the fools gold ...

Equity Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Equity Market - Essay Example The most popular method for stock valuation is the 'Discounted Cash Flow' technique that takes into account the estimated stock price, dividend rates, and the growth rates together with the discount rate or expected return. It is based on the efficient market hypothesis that says that the listed stock price is close to the estimated fair value of the stock. The model takes into account dividend growth rate and price growth rate to arrive at the expected future price of a stock security. The practical adjustments that might be required include a better estimation of the stock price through market based valuation of the stock. In addition, market behaviour of the stock must also be considered to arrive at its fair price. In an efficient equity market, though there is lesser probability of a mis-priced stock and hence lesser probability of generating abnormal rates of returns; however, a financial analyst's job does not only have to deal with generating higher margins on stock. A financial analyst is required to consider the market trend and make a decision of purchasing or selling a specific stock and taking a particular position in the market. This would determine the level of profitability that the company can generate. In addition, he/ she would be responsible to diversify risks in investing into a

The scholarships solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The scholarships solution - Essay Example rights advocates have made unsuccessful efforts to ensure that victims of historical injustices are provided with compensation as a means to show justice and fairness. Their failure has been attributed to the fact that some of these injustices were committed by past governments and the current society finds it quite challenging to carry these burdens. On the other hand, lack of compensation has been attributed to inadequate financial resources as well as biasness in relation to allocation of resources among the affected persons (Torpey, 2003). This document presents a proposed plan that will specifically focus on reparation of the descendants of the Tulsa 1921 Race Riot that occurred in Greenwood. Evidently, the survivors of this riot have not received any form of compensation or justice despite their efforts over the last six decades (america.aljazeera.com). In this regard, the proposal shall offer a framework by, which the descendants of this social menace can be provided with scholarships as a means to compensate their fallen and surviving relatives. It is important to acknowledge that this proposal is not a government or non-government initiative, but rather an institutional initiative that will support 10 students, who have been identified as the descendants of the Tulsa 1921 Race Riots and are in need of financial support to complete their degrees at the University level. The major objective of this reparation plan is to provide support to the descendants of the Tulsa 1921 race riot n terms of scholarship for their university degrees. The scholarship program is expected to cover ten students, who have been identified and confirmed as direct descendants of the riots. There are some survivors of the riot that are still alive and they have been contacted regarding this issue; they have appreciated this efforts and are willing to provide any form of advice in case it will be needed. This will be an appropriate way to address the injustices that were faced by

Market Segmentation and Product Positioning Article

Market Segmentation and Product Positioning - Article Example Market segmentation by Epson the tech company manufacturing these glasses has been clearly been highlighted by the article because it touches on the glasses offering more comfort to a workplace or office setting as opposed to just entertainment as mentioned by the author of the article that one cannot walk in them comfortably down the street. The market segment being targeted here appears to be the average career individual with PowerPoint presentations, visual reports summations and whatnot. The glasses appear to be made to appeal to the group made of career enthusiasts who want to look more professional by using the smart glass mover BT-200 achieve that desired effect while in the working environment. The Working class consists of the middle class and high class envisioning the target market segment. â€Å"Samsung readies phone for your wrist† is an article by Min-Jeong Lee and Yun-Hee Kim captured on Wall Street Journal that talks about the tech giant Samsung planning to unveil a smartwatch that does not need to be tethered to a phone referred to as the wrist communicator which has developed as an innovation of the initial smartwatch concept (Lee & Kim). The article elaborates the product positioning concept because of the fact that Samsung is introducing the concept and benefit of their smart wrist watch that is yet to be launched into the world market. The company boasts of already having the leading role in smartwatch presence already in the market as opposed to its competitors like Apple Inc. that are yet to make a debut in the same tech sector. The article builds on the fact that the watch will give a different experience to the intended market because it has new exciting features than its predecessors like Galaxy Gear. The mere fact that the watch will be able to ha ve a SIM card is enough to juggle the public minds to want to associate with the product before it is launched into the market and if possible make pre-orders.  Ã‚  

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Types and Effects

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Types and Effects Statistics shows that one out of six couples experienced the problem corresponding with infertility (Olmedo, Chilik and Kopelman, 173). Infertility can be considered a disease affecting more than 80 million people around the world consisting primarily of young population accounting to around 10-15% having problems on the ability to conceive and give live births (Hochschild, Schwarze and Alam, 2008). Considering these figures, infertility becomes one of the centers of attraction especially that many couples are becoming desperate to have a child. They would just take any chances in order to have a child after for so long time having sexual intercourse but then without contraception that takes place. There are many advanced ways nowadays in order to treat infertility or even defy its capacity for couples not to experience contraception. Embryo transfer is one. Then one of the most popular is in vitro fertilization which is a technique used by 53 countries around the world today, implying that the treatment is no longer experimental but safe to use (Ezra and Schenker, 127). Causes of Infertility The continuing many studies about infertility are clear indications that the discovery on what is really is it is still on the process of creating series of scientific investigations. One of these scientific investigations is in line with knowing the probable causes of infertility. It was hypothesized that it could be due to four factors such as delayed childbearing, problem on semen quality because of bad habits such as cigarette smoking and abusive alcohol intake, changes in sexual behavior and elimination of most taboos (Olmedo, Chilik and Kopelman, 173). It is because of these considered factors that studies on infertile couples are focused on ovulatory factor which is present to 20% of couples, utero-tubal peritoneal factor which is present to 30% of couples, then 40% of couples have together the two previous factors and 15% of couples can be diagnosed because of no alterations (Olmedo, Chilik and Kopelman, 173). Statistics on IVF Statistics shows the following figures regarding in vitro fertilization (Ezra and Schenker, 127). Since it started in 1985 to be used as infertility treatment, over 53,635 women were already treated which corresponds to around 34,316 babies born by 224,473 treatment cycles then next after it were 160,518 transfer cycles. With the resulting pregnancies, around 65% to 75% were able to come up with live births then the rest went to spontaneous abortions of around 26% and ectopic pregnancies of around 5.54%. The higher rates of preterm deliveries and perinatal mortality have been expounded by around 22% of multiple pregnancy rate which was higher than the normal population. It remained to around 2.25% of chromosomal aberrations and malformations as documented within the years and success rate for in vitro fertilization did not improve within the covered period during the survey. It was noted that the procedures were becoming much more reliable due to the scope of procedures included whic h became at some point, final steps in the diagnosis. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is part of the changes in infertility practice. It provided a right chance to study basic reproductive processes (Olmedo, Chilik and Kopelman, 173). The reason is that ART is an artificial means used in order to achieve pregnancy. In 2000, the United States reported 13.5% increase in reported cycles compared to the data presented in 1999 and overall success rate of 0.6% which represents 2.2% increase as compared to the result in 1999 (Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, 1207). In 2006, Canada reported that with ART, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates continued to increase compared with the previous years, but only small rate decrease for multiple births (Gunby et al., 2189). Indicators for IVF (in vitro fertilization) Continuing studies about in vitro fertilization lead to significant findings of significant predictors for its success rate. Considering that sperm morphology is correlated with fertilization failure, then the sperm chromatin packaging was found to be significant indicator of in-vitro fertilization rates. The study of Esterhuizen et al. (657) found that sperm chromatin packaging was significantly correlated with in-vitro fertilization rates. Takahashi et al. (586) found that oocytes have great chance to be fertilized when follicles can make high concentrations of AMH in the follicular fluid. It is in this result that AMH was found to be a significant predictor for fertilization. It was found out that follicular volume can be the new indicator of oocyte maturity. The study of Fuentes et al. (616) found that SonoAVC when it comes to evaluation of stimulated ovaries can be reliable allowing further to establish new criteria for timing hCG administration on follicular volume estimation instead of the follicular size. From the result of the study of Sifer et al. (150), they found that glanula cells of humans and its resistance to apoptosis has the possibility to be associated in the success rate of IVF. There was an association between the declining of age of implanted embryo with the embryoà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s impaired growth rates (Hsu et al., 679). Based on the recent findings and investigations conducted about in vitro fertilization, the above results are just one of those showing significant indicators for the success rate of in vitro fertilization. The list goes on and on. So there are remarkable and significant indicators that can possibly be associated with IVF. Steps in the IVF Treatment Just prior to the actual IVF treatment, there are preliminary steps that need to be undergone by a patient who wants to undergo the procedure. The following are the least steps a patient who wants to undergo with IVF can possibly undergo (Falcone and Young, 93). Select infertility specialist Both partners who are involved in the treatment needs to undergo series of medical tests. Medical steps that need to be taken to address infertility needs to be considered Agreement with the infertility specialist about the chance a patient can have with IVF. IVF Techniques: The following are common IVF techniques that are commonly used to treat infertility among couples who are willing to take chances. Intra-cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) In Intra-cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) sperm is mechanically injected into the cytoplasm of an oocyte. This technique was applied initially in sea urchin, followed in mouse and hamster and was successful to humans in 1992 (Peas and Lois, 23). GIFT: Gametic Intra-fallopian Transfer As the name implies, Gametic Intra-follopian Transfer (GIFT) is the direct transfer of human gametes, sperm and oocytes in the fallopian tube which was first successful in 1984 (Serhal and Overton, 256). The good thing about GIFT is that it mimics the natural process in which the gamete is restored in the fallopian tube. Z.I.F.T. Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer Zygote intrafallopian transfer is an advanced form of gametic intrafallopian transfer. By using the gametic intra-fallopian transfer, the oocytes are harvested by transvaginal aspiration, fertilized in vitro and transfer in the fallopian tube (Schmidt and Kurjak, 85). Patients with tubal pathology cannot use zygote intrafallopian transfer as well as gametic intra-fallopian transfer (Schmidt and Kurjak, 85). T.E.T (Tubal Embryo Transfer) Tubal embryo transfer is the development of simple embryo transfer over the years. Tubal embryo transfer is part of the stage of embryogenesis transfer encompassed by zygote intrafallopina transfer in general (Allahbadia and Das, 182). P.R.O.S.T (Pronuclear Stage Transfer Just like the tubal embryo transfer, as a modification of embryo transfer, the pronuclear stage transfer is also part of the stage of embryogenesis transfer encompassed by zygote intrafallopian transfer in general (Allahbadia and Das, 182). Direct Intraperitoneal Insemination D.I.P.I In direct intraperitoneal insemination, the syringe with prepared sperm is punctured into the vaginal pouch leading to good consistency of result especially if after ovarian stimulation (Nieschlag, Behre and Nieschlag, 473). Peritoneal Occyte Sperm Transter P.O.S.T Peritoneal Occyte Sperm Transfer can be applied to women with bilateral tubal block. This procedure is an alternative to IVF. This procedure was described by Coulam et al in 1989 (Rao, 391). Direct Oocyte Sperm Transfer) D.O.S.T Another alternative to IVF is direct oocyte and sperm transfer. This can also be applied to women with bilateral tubal block. This procedure was first introduced by Craft et al. in 1982 and later in modified by Bucktt and Tan by simply having oocytes with sperm directly transferred to the uterine cavity (Rao, 392). Incubation of oocytes is done in this procedure and then followed by the actual insemination in the uterine cavity. Transuterine Fallopian Transfer) T.U.F.T Transuterine fallopian transfer is the actual placement of an embryo into the fallopian tube after IVF has been done. The procedure involves threading the tube through the uterus and placing the embryo into the fallopian tube (Blickstein and Keith, 47) Developing Embryos Embryos are formed specially because there was fertilization that took place. The fertilized egg will slowly develop into en embryo undergoing different stages. It took only 12 days in the uterus for the implantation of newly formed embryo, then it will start the development of organs within 50 days. In other words, the standard definition of embryo period is two months after fertilization (Ostnor, 3). Transferring Embryos Embryo transfer is as good as finding its failure and success. In particular, there is a great area of interest in knowing what makes embryo transfer a success or a failure. Various studies have been developed in order to find out the factors to optimize the success of embryo transfer. The study of Schoolcraft, Surrey and Gardner (863) suggested that avoidance of blood, mucus, bacterial contamination, excessive uterine contraction and trauma to the endometrium is having relationship with optimal pregnancy implantation rates after embryo transfer. More so, they also found out that unltrasonographic guidance and utilization of soft catheters will provide good chance of successful embryo transfer. Therefore, it is implied that it is important to look for factors that can be associated with embryo transfer especially on embryo implantation in maximizing IVF. The common method used in embryo transfer is transcervical intrauterine transfer. As mentioned earlier, the factors affecting its success are of great importance such as technical ability and training of personnel, catheter choice, value of a previous dummy transfer and any other factors to prevent damage of the uterine lining, bleeding and uterine contractions (Pasqualini and Quintans, 83). According to the study of Pasqualini and Quintans, the mentioned factors have negative effects on the pregnancy rates. In fact, the actual concern in embryo transfer is as much as possible eliminate or if not minimize multiple pregnancies and any unwanted side effects. Single embryo transfer and culture in the blastocyst stages are means commonly used to prevent multiple pregnancies. Techniques such as ultrasound-controlled transcervical intrauterine transfer and ultrasound-controlled transmyometrial transfer are of great interest since these are often used in order to properly and successfully i mplement embryo transfer. However there are also more invasive procedures that need to be taken consideration in embryo transfer such as the following: gamete intra-Fallopian transfer (GIFT), zygote intra-Fallopian transfer (ZIFT), pronuclear stage transfer and embryo intra-Fallopian transfer (EIFT). These techniques are commonly used when the need to use of alternative assisted reproductive technologies cannot be substantially catered by laboratories. However in todayà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s highly refined laboratories, alternative assisted reproductive technologies such as direct intra-follicular insemination, fallopian spermatic perfusion and peritoneal stage and sperm transfer and intra vaginal culture can highly be performed even with high precision. Positive and Negative Effects of IVF Treatment As mentioned earlier, IVF has already gained wider scope of acceptance in the field of medicine. However, such acceptance needs to be considered even more especially on finding the positive and negative effects of IVF treatment. Even though there is a chance for successful conception with IVF treatment, it still remains a challenge today considering that not everyone has the same level of bodily response to the treatment. There are many things that need to be considered in detail. This detail can somehow be significant factor that will slowly give more meaningful improvement in the treatment. For instance, the ovarian stimulation is said to be very important especially in the assisted reproductive technologies (Ubaldi et al. 235). The ovarian stimulation is said to be associated with several factors as far as its reduction is concerned. When it is reduced, the mutltifollicular growth will live to be a great challenge and it continues to be the most frequent aetilogical factor. Thus, it remains a challenge when it comes to predicting ovarian response. This is just one of the important considerations with respect to obtaining successful IVF treatment. The negative thing about it is that there is no enough assurance for everyone that it can be successful. Thus, there is a continuing area for the body of knowledge covering the issues about the success and failure of IVF treatment. Another thing, with IVF those couples who have been psychologically depressed and at the same time so determined to have an offspring are most likely to feel discomfort the moment procedure or treatment fails. This is a common scenario. However, there are also some couples who have been so determined and it would be enough for them knowing they still have chance with IVF. This is comforting on their side at some point knowing that they still have the chance even if that chance of getting failed is also high. Cloning and In Vitro Fertilization Cloning aside from in vitro fertilization is also one of the most highly studied areas in the field of genetics and molecular biology. There are good points about cloning especially when it comes to food production and other related aspects. However, there is a great challenge of cloning when it comes to creating human beings. The reason is that there are various ethical and political challenges when it comes to its implementation if ever it would be allowed. Cloning therefore cannot be applied to humans but for other animals and plants, it is well appreciated and even now it is already put into implementation for the purpose of food production and other related concerns. Thus, when talking about cloning and in vitro fertilization, even if there is a high chance of failure in the latter, it remains to be the mostly studied in the field of human fertilization. Conclusion Modern techniques in human reproduction have slowly evolved and even the rate of success is becoming remarkably promising. The reason is that there are continuous studies applied in this field resulting to more discoveries of promising and significant information in order to improve the methods and procedures involved in the modern techniques of human reproduction. The case of IVF is a very important contribution to the development of modern techniques of human reproduction in modern times. The emergence of different methods and techniques related to modern techniques of reproduction is a clear indication how important is reproduction to humans. In fact, the bottom line of these all is the fact that humans are designed to reproduce which is meant to be part of their biological design.

Death, Illness and Decay in William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay

Death, Illness and Decay in William Shakespeare's Hamlet William Shakespeare's "Hamlet" is full of talk about death, dead bodies, murder, suicide, disease, graves, and so forth. And there is no traditional Christian comfort or promise of eventual justice or happiness for the good people. But the message is ultimately one of hope. Hamlet is also definitely no saint, however, unlike most of the other characters in the play, he chooses not to compromise with evil. Near the end of Act I, Scene IV, as Marcellus and Horatio are deciding to secretly follow Hamlet and the ghost, Marcellus remarks â€Å"something is rotten in the state of Denmark.† Death, illness and decay are one of the central themes throughout the play. Hamlet begins with some of the guards on watch seeing an apparition of the recently deceased king, father of Hamlet, in Act I, Scene I. Soon afterwards, in Scene V, we learn that according to the ghost, King Claudius killed his own brother, and married his sister-in-law to gain the crown of Denmark. The ghost then asks Hamlet to revenge this death. From the beginning of Act II, Scene I, Hamlet sets about faking mental illness and insanity, as part of his plan for revenge against Claudius. In Act III, Scene II, there is going to be a play performed for the King, Queen, and nobles. Hamlet slightly modifies the play, altering the lines for some of the actors, in his continuing quest to find out the truth about his fathers death and seek revenge. The play begins with a story that is pantomimed. The king and the queen profess their love for one another, the king falls asleep, and a villain pours poison into the king's ear and seduces the queen. During this time, Hamlet cracks dirty jokes and the king ment... ...orms Horatio that he has altered the King's sealed document so that it asks for the deaths of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, his two friends which spied and betrayed him. Hamlet is challenged to a duel with Laertes. Hamlet suspects foul play from the onset, but expresses his willingness to take part in the fight anyway, even if it means his own death. During the match, Hamlet is mortally wounded, as is Laertes, The Queen accidentally drinks from the poisoned cup and dies, and a dying Hamlet first wounds Kings Claudius and then forces him to drink from the same lethal cup. Hamlet and Laertes forgive each other, Laertes dies, and Hamlet then names Fortinbras, the prince of Norway, as his successor to the throne after dissuading Horatio from joining him in death. The play ends with Fortinbras arriving, accepting the throne, and ordering a hero’s funeral for Hamlet.

All Quiet on the Western Front Essay

In the novel ‘All Quiet on the Western Front’ by Erich Maria Remarque, the main character Paul Bà ¤umer’s development shows the horrors of the First World War and the effect it had on the young men who fought in it. Paul Bà ¤umer is the main character whom is nineteen years old, Bà ¤umer volunteered for the army along side four of his classmates. Some parts in the novel is written in past tense when Paul Bà ¤umer is collecting his thoughts. Most of the novel is written in Present tense. During the novel we see Paul Bà ¤umer changing as a person, he has just left school and is a young boy with no experiences. By the end of this novel end even half way through he had become a well experienced man. Paul Bà ¤umer is the main character and also the narrator. At just nineteen years of age, Bà ¤umer volunteers for the German Army. Before war is a young creative and passionate person who had lots of love for his family. As the war went on Bà ¤umer changed as a person. Bà ¤umer and four of his classmates joined because they felt it was their patriotic duty. After a while of being in the trenches Bà ¤umer starts to get visions of being in Kantoreks class as he gave his great ‘iron youth speech.’ He soon realises Kantorich persuaded the class to join. â€Å"During the drill time Kantorek gave us long lectures until the whole of our class went under his shepherding to the District Commandant and volunteered.† Bà ¤umer felt he was doing right by his country but he soon feels he can’t tell anyone about his experience in the army and where his families are concerned he feels like an outsider. People like Kantorek are hypocrites, urging young pupils to join up whilst not volunteering himself. Kemmerich dies. This is the first death we experience as readers in the novel which is very upsetting. â€Å"I became faint, all at once I can not do anymore†¦ He is dead. The face is still wet from the tears. The eyes are half open and yellow like old horn buttons.† Bà ¤umer feels upset and dark inside, he has just lost his best friend, and they grew up together, school buddies. He is almost like a brother to Bà ¤umer. I feel sorry for Bà ¤umer at this point in the novel because I would hate to lose any of my friends or classmates if I was in the army because I think you would need a lot of friends and good people around to keep your spirits high. This is one of Bà ¤umers most important memories because they got revenge on Himmelstoss. Himmelstoss was a postman before he enlisted in the war. He is a corporal who trains the recruits. Himmelstoss likes punishing the young recruits and is very harsh and strict. â€Å"Tjaden wets his bed†¦ Himmelstoss maintained that it was sheer laziness and invented a method worthy of himself for curing Tjaden†¦ with mattress of wire netting.† The young men ended up unwell or with the cold because of this they ended up sleeping on the floor. Bà ¤umer and his friends got revenge by getting him from behind with a big white bed sheet and they covered his mouth with a pillow so he could not scream. Tjaden pulled down Himmelstoss’ trousers with a whip in his mouth. The training camp is harsh and full of sadness, I would not like to be there. Baume describes the front line as a mysterious whirlpool. â€Å"I am in still water far away from its center. I feel the whirl of the vortex sucking e slowly, irresistibly, inescapably into itself. The front line is a line along which apposing armies face each other and is horrific because you are face to face and it is very hard to stay alive. Bà ¤umer feels different from everyone else in his hometown because he feels he is different, they are different. He has been away for so long he does not feel at home anymore. He’s not just a boy anymore, he’s now a man. I feel so much respect for Bà ¤umer by this stage because he has done so well and all army men deserve respect. When Bà ¤umer returns home from leave he feels obliged to volunteer for a dangerous night patrol. Whilst in ‘No-Man’s Land’ Bà ¤umer gets lost. Paul hides in a shell – hole but a bomb goes off behind him when he is alone. â€Å"This is the first time I have killed with my hands†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bà ¤umer feels so guilty for killing the French man. He starts to think about the French mans life and his family. â€Å"If only he had run two yards further to the left, he might now be sitting in the trench over there and writing a letter to his wife.† This changes Bà ¤umers character for the better because he now realises how precious life is. Bà ¤umer feels hatred against the war and realises it’s a bad thing. I personally think war should be illegal because what is the point in killing human beings for victory. I don’t think that’s a victory, it’s a crime to kill. If we are not at war you would be sent to prison and just because its war that makes it ok? The situation has got a lot worse for the German Army by this late stage in the Novel. In this part Bà ¤umer and Katazinsky are the last two soldiers alive from all the characters whom were introduced at the beginning of the Novel. Kat gets hit by a shrapnel at this point leaving him with a smashed shin. Bà ¤umer carried him back to camp on his back, only to discover on their arrival that a splinter had hit Kat on the back of the head and killed him on the way. Kats death makes Bà ¤umer careless to weather he dies in war or not and also he can now face the rest of his life without any fear. I feel sorry for Bà ¤umer at this point because he must feel so alone. Bà ¤umer is now alone without a friend in the trenches because the war has taken all of them away and now Bà ¤umer is all alone. â€Å"Let the months and years come, they can take nothing from me, they can take nothing more. I am so alone, and so without hope that I can confront them without fear.† At the end of the novel Bà ¤umer is careless of his life. He has changed dramatically since the beginning. At the beginning Paul was a young boy with lots of dreams, now he is a man who is careless. I feel very lucky that none of my family died during the war and it’s a very emotional thing to go into. This book is important and should be read by future generations to show how life was and that they should realise how life was and that they should notice how lucky they are. This book makes you have so much for our soldiers.

Free Essays on Capitol Records

Capitol Records Record labels are a crucial part of the commercial music industry today and always have been since music started being recorded. Record labels allow an artist to have his or her music recorded onto a tape, compact disc (CD), or any other form of recording, which they may choose. This includes many digital recordings, which have become popular in today’s musical society. There have been many different record labels over the years, including BMG Records, Atlantic Records, Pearl Records, Warner Bros. Records and Capitol Records, just to name a few. In the following paragraphs I am going to describe how Capitol Records came about, and what kind of impact it has had on the commercial music industry. In addition, I will also give information on Capitol Records today. Capitol Records is one of the major and most profitable music labels in the music industry today, and has been a leading records label since its creation in 1942. A songwriter named Johnny Mercer, along with a Hollywood music storeowner named Glenn Wallichs, and a movie producer by the name of Buddy DeSylva founded Capitol Records together in 1942. According to the book It Might As Well Be Spring, an autobiography written by Margaret Whiting, describes that Johnny Mercer, â€Å"was a man bursting with talent and always looking for a place to channel his energies. This idea of a record company seemed ideal.† Mercer introduced the record company idea to his best friend, Glenn Wallichs. Wallichs loved the idea and was excited about it from the start. Buddy DeSylva was contacted by Mercer, and was also interested and wrote the check for $25,000 to get Capitol Records started. Each individual was then assigned a responsibility as part of this new record company. Mercer was in charge of finding artists for the label and supervising their artistic output. Wallichs handled the business and financial responsibilities, while DeSylva made sure everyt... Free Essays on Capitol Records Free Essays on Capitol Records Capitol Records Record labels are a crucial part of the commercial music industry today and always have been since music started being recorded. Record labels allow an artist to have his or her music recorded onto a tape, compact disc (CD), or any other form of recording, which they may choose. This includes many digital recordings, which have become popular in today’s musical society. There have been many different record labels over the years, including BMG Records, Atlantic Records, Pearl Records, Warner Bros. Records and Capitol Records, just to name a few. In the following paragraphs I am going to describe how Capitol Records came about, and what kind of impact it has had on the commercial music industry. In addition, I will also give information on Capitol Records today. Capitol Records is one of the major and most profitable music labels in the music industry today, and has been a leading records label since its creation in 1942. A songwriter named Johnny Mercer, along with a Hollywood music storeowner named Glenn Wallichs, and a movie producer by the name of Buddy DeSylva founded Capitol Records together in 1942. According to the book It Might As Well Be Spring, an autobiography written by Margaret Whiting, describes that Johnny Mercer, â€Å"was a man bursting with talent and always looking for a place to channel his energies. This idea of a record company seemed ideal.† Mercer introduced the record company idea to his best friend, Glenn Wallichs. Wallichs loved the idea and was excited about it from the start. Buddy DeSylva was contacted by Mercer, and was also interested and wrote the check for $25,000 to get Capitol Records started. Each individual was then assigned a responsibility as part of this new record company. Mercer was in charge of finding artists for the label and supervising their artistic output. Wallichs handled the business and financial responsibilities, while DeSylva made sure everyt...

Teacher Appreciation Week Activities and Ideas

Teacher Appreciation Week Activities and Ideas Teacher Appreciation Week is a week-long celebration in the month of May, which is designated to honoring and celebrating the hard work and dedication of our teachers. During this week, schools across America show their love and appreciation to their teachers by having students and parents participate in activities to give thanks and acknowledge their teachers. In celebration of this week, I have gathered a few fun ideas and activities to show teachers how special you think they are. You will find ideas for administrators, teachers, and students. Ideas for Administrators One of the most effective ways that administration can show how much they appreciate their teaching staff is to plan something special for their teachers. Afternoon Lunch A simple way to show your appreciation is to prepare a luncheon in the faculty lounge for all the teachers in the school. Order a pizza or if your school has extra money splurge on some take-out. Pull-Out the Red Carpet If you really want to make a big deal out of your teaching staff and get your students in an uproar, try creating a red carpet experience. Get a piece of red carpet and velvet ropes and have each teacher walk down the carpet as they arrive at school. End of Day Celebration Plan a surprise end of the day celebration. Designate the last hour of the day as free time for the students. Then organize for parents to come in and help out with the class while the teacher goes to the lounge for a much-needed break. Have the teachers lounge filled with coffee and snacks, your efforts will be much appreciated. Ideas for Teachers A great way to teach your students about the value of showing appreciation for hard work is to have a class discussion about why teachers are so special. Follow up this discussion with a few fun activities. Read a Book Often students dont really grasp the importance of all their teachers do. To help them understand the time and effort it takes to be a teacher try reading a few books about teachers. Some of my favorites are: Thank you Mr. Falker by Patricia Polacco, Miss Nelson is Missing by Harry Allard and What If There Were No Teachers? By Caron Chandler Loveless. Compare Teachers Have students compare their favorite teacher with a teacher from one of the books you read. Have them use a graphic organizer like a Venn diagram to help them organize their ideas. Write a Letter Have students write a letter to their favorite teacher telling them what makes them so special. First brainstorm ideas together as a class, then have students write their letters on special paper, and when completed, allow them to give it to the teacher they wrote about. Ideas for Students All teachers love to receive recognition for their hard work, but they appreciate it the most when it comes from their students. Here are some suggestions on how fellow teachers and parents can help students can give thanks to their teacher. Give Thanks Out Loud One of the most important ways students can express their gratitude to their teachers is to say it out loud. A unique way of doing this is to give thanks over the loudspeaker. If this is not possible then students can also ask the teacher if they can have a few minutes in the beginning or the end of class to show their appreciation. Door Decorations Before or after school, decorate the teachers classroom door with all the things they love, or what you love about the teacher. If your teacher loves animals, decorate the door in an animal theme. You can add a personal touch such as a letter to the teacher, a Worlds Best teacher certificate or even a painting or drawing. Make a Gift Theres nothing like a handmade gift that really shows a teacher how much you appreciate them. Create something that the teacher can cherish such as, a hall or bathroom pass, magnet, bookmark or anything they can use in their classroom, the ideas are endless.

Food journal analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Food journal analysis - Essay Example Of these foods, the yogurt and the cheese are complete proteins while the beans are an incomplete protein. The beans and cheese combined together become a complementary protein. I took in more than the daily recommended amount of protein. This did surprise me because I didn't include any meat into my daily intake, which is what I would have assumed would take me over the daily limit. Clearly meat is not the only food that can serve as a good protein source. In order to bring my protein down and to better balance my diet I can cut down the portion sizes that contain protein such as the servings of beans and cheese, and I can add more fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables, as well as some more fiber rich foods such as whole grains. If I had eaten beans and cheese only once during the day rather than twice, I probably would have taken in the recommended amount of protein and I could have then eaten some of the other foods that I am lacking in place of that unneeded protein. Protein is one of the most essential elements of our diet and is often referred to as the building block in our body because of its function in the growth and repair of our tissue. According to the CNPP website, proteins are involved in the production of many hormones and are necessary to maintain the immune system and fluid electrolyte balance. They are also involved in the transport of nutrients throughout the body. Given these facts about protein, it is easy to see how insufficient amounts of protein intake could leave the body unable to do some of its most vital functions. Without enough protein the body's tissues would not be capable of repairing themselves. In addition, our muscles, which are fueled by protein, would not grow and develop as they should, and our organs, many of which are made up of muscle tissue, could ultimately suffer and cease to function optimally. Also, our immune system would not be able to function as it should, which would cause more frequent, as well a s more prolonged illness, and our electrolytes would become unbalanced causing all types of health problems.In contrast, too much protein can also pose a problem for the body. According to the CNPP website, too much protein coupled with a lack of enough other essential foods can cause the body to go into a state of ketosis which can wreak havoc on the body causing all types of medical problems. Additionally, many times, high protein intake is coupled with high saturated fat intake, which is also bad for the body and can cause disease and general health problems. Also, a higher than normal protein intake can often coincide with a diet that lacks in other essential areas such as whole grains, vegetables, and fresh fruits. This lack in the diet can also lead to health problems and illness. Given these facts, it seems clear that keeping with the recommended daily protein allowance will help to ensure that one's diet remains as healthful as possible as well as adequately and appropriatel y balanced. My fiber intake for the day was 22 grams, which is 3 grams less than the recommended daily intake of 25 grams. I think that this intake is a bit low and I would like to come up to the recommended amount of 25 grams per day. I would like to raise my fiber intake the remaining three grams because I know that fiber is good for me and can serve to help keep my weight under control and my general food

Media Event Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Media Event - Assignment Example Her main objective is to find them suitable jobs or protective environment after graduation. This is to prevent them from landing in the streets. The director of this movie, Samantha Buck, demonstrates sensitivity in a dramatic way to those students with special needs as the camera keys rove in on Mimo’s reactions. Ms. Mimo is the star and a protagonist with a bright face that does not hide anything as she focuses on the audience’s emotions. The camera lingers on the students who have grown with frustrating experiences longer than comfort. The â€Å"Best Kept Secret† film is exemplary in the sense that, it never seeks to hide any truth from the framework of the narrative. This section will explore two Special Education Laws websites, and two special education court previous cases. The first website is wrightslaw.com (http://www.wrightslaw.com/caselaw.htm). This website explores various cases from the U.S Supreme Court, Courts of Appeals, District Courts, and Noteworthy Cases. The first case mentioned in this website is the case of U.S Department of Justice Verses Day Care Centre in Oklahoma. The case was filed with the U.S Department of Justice. The statement of the case alleged that, the Camelot denied the person the right to participate in field trips, hence violating the Americans with Disabilities Act. The case was settled on the November 27th, 2013, the child in question, with Down Syndrome and toileting issues. The court ruled that, Camelot shall not discriminate any child on the grounds of disability. This includes full participation and enjoyment of goods, services, privileges, advantages and accommodation. The second website is the special education advisor.com (http://www.specialeducationadvisor.com/special-education-laws/brief-history-of-special-education-court-cases/). The case was heard by the Supreme Court. The case was between the Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson Central School

Internet Security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Internet Security - Research Paper Example the computers being used to access the internet, or the user. The subjects pertaining to the security against these threats are internet safety and internet security. There is a slight difference in internet security and internet safety, with the most basic one being that the former focuses more on the direct safety of a computer network from threats that can attack through the internet, such as viruses or data corruption, while internet safety relates more to the security and safety of the user, such as identity fraud, money scams, false information etc. Although both forms of security threats can are important to understand and counter, this paper will concentrate mostly on the more technical aspect of internet security, and will focus on the various threats that are encountered and the preventative measures taken against them. As mentioned, internet security is the necessary measures taken and rules laid out which make the use of the internet more secure for a user in terms of the safety of their computer from various threats. To understand where these threats rise from it is first important to understand the basic working of the internet. ... IP transfers the required bits of data, firs within each individual network, then between secondary levels of networks, starting from the most basic level, and then progressing regionally and then globally, thus allowing the information to reach from one point to another. TCP checks these bits of data, ensuring they are correctly being transferred and offering corrective feedback measures when they aren’t (Reed, 2004). Data threats enter this system of information management when at any of these many levels data is encrypted and corrupted. To prevent this, a number of measures are taken, which include SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), TLS (Transport Layer Security) and IPsec, with the most effective one being the IPsec protocol, which in turn further uses the AH (Authentication Header) and ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) protocols as the mechanism for its protection. AP authenticates the data and then sends it further on, and ESP provides confidentiality. All three protocols ba sically revolve around the same principal of securing communication by authenticating the sender at each level where these protocols are implemented, and by encrypting the data so that in case of unwanted interception, it is not altered. Internet security threats are also widely transferred through email messages. Again, understanding how email messages work greatly explains the reason for this. Email messages can also be considered bits of data that are transferred through the many networks of internet, with the main difference being that users can easily edit and change this data at the various levels it is transmitted to. How email messages basically work is that first a user composes a message. This message is converted into a certain standard form and is transferred to the mail

Declaration of Independence and I Have a Dream Essay Example for Free

Declaration of Independence and I Have a Dream Essay Thomas Jefferson’s â€Å"Declaration of Independence† and Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† are texts that have a common denominator: the pursuit of liberty. Although both documents do not focus their context in the same historical moment, both have greatly influenced the history of the United States. Specifically, Jefferson’s purpose with the â€Å"Declaration of Independence† was to denounce the offenses suffered at the hands of Great Britain and to finally declare their absolute independence, sovereignty and liberty. On the other hand, Martin Luther King’s speech, â€Å"I Have a Dream† exhorts people to end the discrimination towards Negroes and finally, their freedom. In the â€Å"Declaration of Independence†, Jefferson employs a very clear and concise language. He used this powerful language in order to use it as an instrument of social and political change. His wordplay is a very persuasive and strong one. The language of the â€Å"Declaration of Independence† is more complicated because it is a document written in 1776 and some of the words written in it are not used so often today. In the speech I Have a Dream, Martin Luther King also used words of strong connotation. It is a speech written mostly in the form of sermon, which is influenced by King, who served as a Baptist clergyman. Both texts employ a highly persuasive language that is mainly directed to their respective audiences. When we analyze the â€Å"Declaration of Independence†, we can realize that Jefferson makes a list of statements to prove the absolute Tyranny, which is present over the States. He uses these to persuade and convince the audience. Also, he repeats phrases such as â€Å"He has†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"For†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to emphasize the facts he is presenting. Basically, the â€Å"Declaration of Independence† is a deductive argument, a form which begins with a principle and is followed by details, examples, and reasoning. Finally, â€Å"I Have a Dream† is the union of many literary techniques. King’s use of repetition in phrases like I have a dream and Let freedom ring emphasize the yearnings of Negroes and present what they mainly seek. It is a work which alludes to the â€Å"Declaration of Independence†. It also has lots of metaphors and analogies. The â€Å"Declaration of Independence† focuses its content first in its preamble, in which are written the most important and basic principles of the Declaration. Then, it is followed by a list of charges against the King of Great Britain, which are directed to demonstrate his tyranny among the States. The conclusion says that they must avoid such tyranny and declare that they have their sovereignty and therefore, their freedom. â€Å"I Have a Dream† mainly focuses on the complaint of the disenfranchisement of Negroes and the exhortation to change. Is a social proposal, a breathtaking and inspiring speech in its content. Finally, we conclude that there are more similarities between the Declaration of Independence and I Have a Dream than differences. They are texts that encourage the masses to enter and begin social movements in order to fight for their rights. These are inspiring and encouraging texts that reflect the feeling of the huge majorities in the United States. Synthesizing, the language is complex and compelling, both are full of literary techniques, and the content is social, and aimed at the masses in order to pursuit their liberty.

Inclusion Of Visually Impaired Students

Inclusion Of Visually Impaired Students Education aims to ensure that that all students gain access to skills, knowledge and information that will prepare them in life. Education becomes more challenging as schools accommodate students with diverse backgrounds and SEN needs. Meeting these challenges demands schools to have an inclusive education. Inclusive education brings all students together in one classroom and community, regardless of their strengths or weaknesses in any area, and seeks to maximize the potential of all students. There is now greater recognition that the special needs agenda should be viewed as a significant part of the drive for Inclusive Education (Ainscow, M 1995). The idea is that the concept of integration is being replaced by a move towards inclusive schooling/education. Integration demands that additional arrangements will be made to accommodate pupils with disabilities within a system of schooling that remains largely unchanged (Ainscow, M 1995 p 2). Inclusive education, on the other hand, is a larger and prior concept (Flavell, L 1996, p 5) and aims to restructure schools in order to respond to the learning needs of all children (Male D, 1997). An Inclusive school ask teachers to provide individualised support without the stigmatisation thats comes with separation, and to provide opportunities where all students can learn together in an unrestrictive environment where the quality of their education is not compromised. Appendix 1.1 shows a model of inclusive provision (Dyson, A et al, 2004). Inclusion is not just for student and staff but for governors, parents and the local community (Flavell, L 2002). Research on effective inclusive schooling has shown schools improve thorough whole school responses and not just by teaching strategies that include all learners (Ainscow,M 1994). Appendix 1.2 shows characteristics of these schools (Ainscow, M 1991; Hopkins, Ainscow and West, 1994) 1.2 Legislative Context The amendments to the 1995 Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) Part IV regulations came into effect on 1 September 2002 via the Special Education and Disability Act (SENDA, 2001). It requires school to implement the part of the Act that prevents such institutions from discriminating against students on the grounds of their disability. It is therefore mandatory for all teachers, including MFL teachers to make reasonable adjustments to allow full participation by students with disabilities. Appendix 1.3 is the overview introduction to the DDA while Appendix 1.4 is the DDA Part VI. 1.3 Fullhurst Community School Policy The legislation makes it clear that all teaching staff is responsible for the provision for students with SEN and/or disabilities. (TDA, 1999) Appendix 1.5 shows specific duties under the DDA outlined by the TDA (TDA, 1999) for use by schools. Thomas (1992) states that the whole school community should be involved in developing a policy on the organisation of support in the classroom. The Code of Practice (DfE 1994) calls for all schools to have a special Education needs Policy with outlines the agreed practice at each stage in meeting the needs of pupils. As required by law all schools who receive government funding are expected to have a written SEN policy with regard to the Code of Practice. Fullhurst Community School has a comprehensive policy which is mandatory for all staff to be familiar with. It includes their guidelines, accessibility, definitions, SEN status, provisions, referral information, learning needs and conditions. Appendix 1.6 is a partial copy of the Fullhurst Community School Guide to SEN. 2. Visually Impaired Students 2.1 Inclusion of visual impaired students It is estimated that there are around 25,000 children and young people in Britain from birth to 16 with a visual impairment of sufficient severity to require specialist education service support. (www.rnib.co.uk) In the report entitled Education of the Visually Handicapped (Department of Education and Science, 1972) commissioned by the British government in 1968, it recommends that blind and partially sighted children would benefit from being educated in the same schools. It did, however, also support the general concept of integration of children with visual impairments (VI) into mainstream schools. Further reports, such as The Warnock Report (Department of Education and Science 1978) and the subsequent Education Act (1981) consolidated that right of children with SEN to placement in local schools, with the consideration of the efficient use of resources. During the 70-80s there was a steep rise in the LEA services for children with VI (visual impairment) and an increase in local schools education of VI students supported by qualified in school support workers or peripatetic specialised teachers (Douglas et al, 2009). As this enrolment increased in mainstream schools, specialised schools for the blind were closing or adapting encompassing students with more complex needs (McCall, 1997). The Code of Practice for SEN (Department of Education) accepted that the needs of most children with SEN could be met within mainstream schools but took a moderate stance on inclusion by emphasising the importance of maintaining a continuum of provision for a continuum of needs (Hornby, 1999, p 153). By 2000 inclusion of VI children in mainstream schools had become well documented in policy and practice. Legislation continued to strengthen the rights of SEN children in local schools, culminating in the previously mentioned SENDA (2001) amendments to the 1995 DDA. Appendix 1.7 and 1.8 highlight research and statistics pertaining to VI students in local schools. 2.2 Visual Impairment and Modern Foreign Languages No matter what their educational level, the visually handicapped often display a marked talent for learning foreign languages. This seems to be the result of a particular aural sensitivity and the memory training which forms part of the rehabilitation process. (Nikolic, 1986 p222) The major aspect of work in the modern languages is that while other curriculum areas use communication to teach the subject content, MFL use content to teach communication (Couper, 1996). MFL classrooms rely heavily on non-verbal method of communication and in most classrooms the visual sense plays a dominant though not exclusive role (Couper, 1996 p 7). 2.3 Adaption of teaching practise and materials In traditional MFL learning, teachers use visual projectors, flashcards, wall posters, gesturing, mime and facial expressions to teach, however literature on teaching MFL to VI advocates using different means. Realia, enlarges pictures, mobiles are recommended to introduce new vocabulary and using games such as noughts and crosses, hangman and board games to enhance knowledge. Price (1994) and Couper (1996) show that the adaption of materials for use in class is a time consuming and costly process and as such teachers often have to adapt materials themselves. Appendix 1.9 shows a self-audit for inclusive modern languages lessons: planning teaching, learning and support provided by the TDA (2009) which allows teacher to observe and try out certain methods to keep their classroom inclusive. Lewin-Jones and Hodgson (2005) outline strategies which can be used by teachers to ensure an inclusive classroom. Strategies such as using students names more frequently or touch (once pre-approved before) have been known to work effectively (Jones, 2004). Adapting the way you ask questions e.g what is the man in green doing? to what is the angry man doing? Teachers have to adapt the lesson to include repetition other than using the white boards but through the speaking and listening skills. AFL strategies such as thumbs up or down can be used simply instead of traffic lightsystem where VI students may have difficulty colour differentiating (Appendix 1.9a). McCall (1997) postulates that these changes help, not only the learning of the VI students, but potentially all students learning. From the skills in language learning: reading, writing, listening and speaking; reading and writing can be troublesome for VI students as it is difficult to skim/scan text or move between text and answers or locate specific information within texts quickly. Nikolic (1986) compounds this difficulty adding that that trouble lies in the infrequent contact a VI student has with the written form. Ways must be found for students to access these skills. In MFL it is important for mixed skill activities. This will allow VI students to team up listening and speaking, where traditionally they may be stronger with reading and writing where they may be weaker (Couper, 1996). 2.4 The learning Support Worker VI students often get accompanied to lessons by classroom assistants or specialist teachers (LSW). Their role is not to take the job of the teacher but to enable the learning of the student. It is fundamentally important that students continue to be independent and in control of their learning, the LSW can provide aid in practising dialogues, spontaneous and reading from cue cards. Studies show that the quality and quantity of the work provided by LSWs who speak French fluently is greater than those who dont (Lewin-Jones and Hodgson, 2005). 3. Inclusive Teaching in Year 7 with a Visual Impaired student 3.1 Student X My year 7 French class contains a VI student. On learning this I set about making steps to better inform my planning. I accessed the school SEN policy taking particular attention to the section on visual impairments. Appendix 1.10 shows the SEN guide pertaining to VI. I organised a meeting with the school SENCO and with the students LSW. Appendix 1.11 outlines the material provided by the school SENCO to all teachers of student X. It includes details pertaining to what s/he can see, what s/he needs in the classroom brailler, laptop, hardcopies in font N48 of anything taught on a PowerPoint or at a distance. Appendix 1.12 shows information I learned from the SENCO and the LSW in our meetings and Appendix 1.13 shows student Xs school IEP. From this information I was able to start planning knowing students Xs needs and limitations implementing inclusive strategies. 3.2 Implementation of inclusive strategies ~ Differentiation by support: LSW Student X is entitled to extra disability related funding. This allowed them to have a full time LSW with fluent French accompany her to her French classes. From my meeting with the LSW we were able to work with the scheme of work module 2 and produce a comprehensive vocab list that the LSW was able to adapt in preparation for the term. Appendix 1.14 has the schools Yr 7 SOW. In order for all materials to be correctly adapted lesson plans had to be submitted minimally 1 week in advance. However, having a fluent French speaker as an LSW allowed for ad-hoc French learning for student X. The LSW was able to explain to student X additional tasks. Appendix 1.15 is a lesson evaluation showing how the LSW explained an ad-hoc task I had the students do on something which they were having problems. (avoir v etre). My Teaching I had to adapt my teaching style. As I had no training and the school provided me with some information I had to use what I had learned from the meetings and from learn as you go and learn from your mistakes approaches. Spelling out words I was writing and also reading aloud everything that was being written on or projected onto the white board were things I quickly picked up after hearing the LSW spelling out what I was writing in my first lesson. Appendix 1.16 is a lesson evaluation form from my first lesson teaching this Yr7 class. As student X is an invaluable source of how s/he learns I had 2 meetings with student X and the LSW. Appendix 1.17 included minutes of the first meeting. Regarding AFL I implemented thumb up or thumb down policy. Appendix 1.18 shows lesson plan showing this ~ Differentiation by resource: ICT All power point and ICT work was sent to students X LSW before each class. It allowed student X to use her JAWS software (appendix 1.19) to access the information. An example of such use is appendix 1.20 where student X was able to access one of the lesson tasks and submit her answer by print while the other students handwrote theirs. As the term progressed I was adapting to use aural repetition to strengthen knowledge of vocabulary and phrases. Appendix 1.20 shows an ERF form during my placement highlighting increased use of repetition. Braille Assistive technology benefit the VI but according to Argyropoulos, Martos, and Leotskakou (2005, p 185) the cultivation of literacy skills may be delayed significantlyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦., and illiteracy may be increased. Because of this it is important for student X to use braille to have exposure to the written form of French while would ensure written accuracy. Appendix 1.22 has various examples of work adapted into Braille while some of them have been corrected by the LSW, as I cannot do this. In assessment student X is therefore no longer at an advantage at spelling as they have been viewing and using the correct version through braille. Tactile Pictures One of Students X preferred methods to learn new vocab is using tactile images. This allows student X to mentally perceive the image using touch. S/he is in essence picturing the same image as the students who are seeing the image. Appendix 1.23 is a photocopy of the tactile images of animals I used while teaching animal vocabulary. Handouts As previously discussed all handouts are in a font N48. Appendix 1.24 illustrates examples of adapted hand outs for students Xs exercise book and also for listening tasks completed in class. ~ Differentiation by task: An area where some of the more reasonable adjustments were made within the classroom. Student X has no problems engaging in listening and speaking tasks once the hand outs/instructions are in braille / correct font size. However when the student is using ICT /power point to do tasks it had to be adopted for student X. Appendix 1.25. shows an example where student used information on the overhead to match questions with possible answers , while student X had the questions and answers were separately printed for them and then could join them up. Appendix 1.26 shows examples of the Differentiated by section of lesson plan where the tasks are differentiated by the students needs. The subject content is still the same just different how they work with it. Concerning assessment feedback it was essential to go through it verbally with the student. While giving positive award postcards I was able to liaise with the LSW to get the material out into braille. An example of this is shown in appendix 1.27 Student X is then able to access the feedback and comments whenever is convenient. 4. Implications of teaching a student with VI Some of the key highlights and finding I learned with my practical experience teaching VI students are outlined below. A comprehensive and effective school policy The more adaptable teachers can make their classes the more schools can become inclusive. Adapting lessons to with certain SEN can have a benefit for other SEN and all students in general. It becomes clear that planning is the key element and the earlier you have it done the easier adapting the material by experts can be. Similarly it means the easier you can change your lessons as required Teachers have to allow extra time for preparation of classes, assessments tests and exams (Ornsin- Jones, Courtney, and Dickinson, 2005). Teachers have to allow additional time for VI students to complete their work Appropriate training should be provided where there are resources and sessions within the MFL department. It is not enough for meeting but teachers need to observe strategies for inclusion of VI in practise. In terms of MFL teaching there are little resources or sharing of experiences (Stephens and Marsh, 2005). By extension schools should be able to keep on file work done in braille and differentiated resources for future use. Teachers must be confident engaging students with disabilities, especially those with additional support. Prior discussion with the support workers can help strengthen your ability to do so during the lessons and allow you to improve you teaching practices both within and outside the classroom. 5. Conclusion The success of children and young people with visual impairment in mainstream schools is heavily dependent upon the quality of support that is available to them (Mason and McCall, 1997 p 412 ) As figures show more and more VI students are being educated in mainstream schools it is therefore important to have systems in place to help train and educate teachers who are teaching VI students. Evidence shows that special schools have played roles in supporting and training when necessary (McCall et al, 2009). As children with more complex needs enter local schools, the demands on the professional skills of those supporting them can only increase. According to Sutcliffe (1997) Effective inclusion of students with VI relies not only on the provision and appropriate access using differentiated resources, support or tasks but also on the administrative and day-to-day management of the learning environment. Schools need effective policies, a drive for inclusion behaviour, and training for all staff. Also required is a creative, hardworking staff that put the needs of all their students at the top of their agenda. For individual teachers, Orsini-Jones, Courtney, and Dickinson (2005) advise that there may be tension at times due to reasonable adjustments but that if teachers can identify the barriers and remove them for SEN students then you are creating an inclusive environment and positive atmosphere. References Ainscow, M. (1994). Special Needs in the Classroom: A Teacher Education Guide. Kingsley/UNESCO. Ainscow, M. (1995). Education for All: Making It Happen. Keynote address presented at the International Special Education Congress, Birmingham, UK, 10-13 April 1995. Ainscow, M. (Ed.) (1991). Effective Schools for All. London: Fulton. Argyropoulos, V., A. Martos and B. Leotskakou. 2005. Blind students and spelling: An investigation into Braille literacy skills. Proceedings of the ICEVI conference 2005: Education- Aiming for Excellence, 180-5. http://www.icevi-europe.org/chemnitz2005/iveci-chemnitz2005.pdf. Bender, R. (1970). The Conquest of Deafness. Cleveland: Western Reserve University. Bray, M., Clarke, P .B. and Stephens, D. (1986). Education and Society in Africa. London: Edward Arnold. Carmen, R. (1996). Autonomous Development: Humanizing the Landscape An Excursion into Radical Thinking and Practice. London: Zed Books. Cole-Hamilton, I Vale, D. (2000) Shaping the Future The Experiences of Blind and Partially Sighted Children and Young People in the UK London: RNIB Department for Education (1994) Code of Practice on the Identification and Assessment of Speical Education Needs. London: HSMO Department for Education and Science (DfES) (2001a) The Special Educational Needs and Disability Act London: HMSO DfES (2001b) The Special Educational Needs Code of Practice Nottingham: DfES Dickinson, A. 2005. Dont panic (smile)! How visually impaired students access online learning and giving realistic guidelines to academic staff at Coventry University. International Congress Series 1282 :386-40 Dovey, K. A. (1994). Non-formal educational strategies as a means of effecting positive change in instructions of formal education in South Africa. Journal of Practice in Education and Development, Vol. 1, No.1, pp. 15-20. Flavell, L. (2001) Preparing to Include Special Children in Mainstream School: A Practical Guide London: David Fulton Hmilton, Elizbeth, Kathleen Prime, Christine Gibson, Eric Caron, Jeffrey Rathlef, and HeidiFischer. 2006. Students who are blind or visually impaired accessing foreign languages. Mobility International USA. http://www.miusa.org/ncde/tipsheets/foreignlang/. Kilnkosv W., Sekowski, and M. Brambring. 2006. Academic achievement and personality in University students who are visually impaired. Journal of the visual impairment and blindness 100, no. 11: 666-7 Lewin-Jones, J. and Hodgson, J. (2004) Differentiation strategies relating to the inclusion of a student with severe visual impairment in higher education (modern foreign languages) British Journal of Visual Impairment 22/1:32-36 Lewin-Jones, J., and J. Hodgson. 2004. Differentiation strategies relating to the inclusion of student with a severe visual impairment in higher education (modern foreign languages). British Journal of visual impairment 22, no. 1: 32-6 Lomas, Janet. 1997. Support for pupils within Mainstream Provision. In Visual Impairment: Access to education for children and young people, ed. Christine Arter, Heather Mason, Steve Mc Call, Mike McLinden, and Juliet Stone,. London: David Fulton Male, D. (1997) Including pupils with profound and multiple and severe learning difficulties in Smith, B. (ed) The SLD Experience; Kidderminster: British Institute of Learning Disabilities (BILD). Mc Call, Steve. 1999. Acccessing the curriculum. In Children with visual impairment in mainstream settings, ed. Christine Arter, Heather Mason, Steve Mc Call, Mike McLinden, and Juliet Stone, 29-40. London: David Fulton Milligan, J. (2002) DDA Part IV Implications for visually impaired students, Visability, Winter 2002 Nicolic, T. (1986) Teaching a foreign language to visually impaired children in school, Language Teaching. Nikolic, T. 1986. Teaching a foreign language to visually impaired children in school. Language Teaching 19, no. 3: 218-31 Orinsi-Jones, M., C. Courtney, and A. Dickinson. 2005. Supporting foreign language learning for a blind student: A case study from Coventry University. Support for learning 20, no. 3: 146-52 Richardson, J., and A.W.N Roy. 2002. The representation and attainment of students with a visual impairment in higher education. British Journal of visual Impairment 20, no. 1: 37-48 Richardson,J. Roy, A. (2002) The representation and attainment of students with a visual impairment in higher education, British Journal of Visual Impairment 20/1 Stevens, A., and D. Marsh. 2005. Foreign language teaching within special needs education: Learning from Europe-wide experience. Support for learning 20, no. 3: 109-14 UNESCO (1993). Special Needs in the Classroom: Teacher Resource Pack. Paris: UNESCO. www.rnib.co.uk